作成順序は、Abstractでは短いこともありそうこだわる必要はないですが、

MRIB（Methods,Results,Interpretation,Background)

1. Methods

「研究者がしたこと」を記載する。いつ、どこで、だれに、何をどのようにしたか

ほぼ5W1H（WhyだけはBackground）と同じ。

「した」ことなのでまず書けるはず。

2.Results

図表を見ながら、「その中心となるメッセージ」で作成する。

3.Interpretation

この研究で新たにわかったこと（What thid study adds to our current knowledge.)を記載し、そのEssenceをOriginality boxに記入する。

4.Background

メインテキストのIntroductionもそうだが、実は一番難しい。Why、つまりなぜそれをしたか。

読者の心の「つかみ」ができるか。

「2つの要素」を記載。

・これまでに分かっていること、（続いて）分かっていないことで、探究する価値のあること（What is already known and yet unknown to be expolred.)

・研究者がそれに対してどうしたか（What we did for the unknown.)

What is already known.....はOriginality boxに記載。

それは、

What is already known.....とWhat this study adds.が論文の内容を決める基本要素だからです。

また、Abstract作成中にかなりInterpretation（あるいはConclusion）とBackground(あるいはIntroduction)はぶれます。書いているうちに、「あれ、何を書こうとしたんだっけ？」とか、指導者に、「君、これ最初の意図と違うよ」と言われることがあります。

Originality boxはその意味で、論文のEssenceの「忘備録」となります。

*350語なので無論、大幅に論文では減っています。

Title

Daily and outdoor activities as the risk of mortality in elderly people who live at home

Abstract

Objectives - To investigate whether self-reported outdoor activities and which activities of daily living are associated with mortality, independently of demographic and functional impairment elderly people who live at home and to estimate whether maintenance of these activities lower the risk of mortality or these activities declines during the impending phase of mortality.

Design - A five-year prospective cohort study.

Setting - A geographically-defined rural community in southern Japan.

Participants - 863 Japanese home-living people who fully responded the baseline interview by themselves, amounting 85 % of all the 1002 residents aged 65 or over in the community.

Main outcome measures - five-year mortality.

Results - During the follow-up period of 5 years, 139 (16%) participants died. The follow up rate of mortality was 100 percent. After adjusting demographic profiles and functional impairments, only dressing impairment (hazard ratio, 2.69 95% CI 1.12-6.46) among the ADLs and overall outdoor activity (hazard ratio per one-point increment, 1.24 95% CI 1.12-1.38) were associated with five-year mortality. This result was consistent through the multiple assessments of outdoor activity. With exclusion of subjects died in early period of the study (0.5, 1 and 2 years), associations of dressing impairment with mortality attenuated. By contrast, associations of outdoor activities with mortality remained.

Conclusions - Decreased outdoor activity is a risk of persistent mortality in elderly people. Dressing impairment may be a marker of earlier mortality. This result has a practical indication for home care, in identifying elderly individuals at a mortality risk. Controlled trials are needed to assess preventive effect of outdoor activities and dressing ADL.

*雑誌の投稿規定で、Structured abstractになってない

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether the absence of outdoor activities is associated with an increased risk of mortality among elderly people living at home. In January 1995, the authors enrolled 863 household residents, 65 years old and older, who were able to fully understand and complete a baseline interview unassisted. Participant demographics, functional capabilities, activities of daily living, and three dimensions of outdoor activities (initiative, transport, and frequency) were examined. Cohort mortality was assessed through December 1999. Of the 863 participants, 139 (16.1%) died within the study observation period. After adjusting for gender and age, three dimensions of functional impairment (vision, hearing, and speech), impairment in activities of daily living, and all three dimensions of outdoor activities were predictive of 5-year mortality. In multivariate analysis, these three dimensions remained as explanatory variables for mortality at 5 years. Assessment of outdoor-activity levels can help identify elderly individuals with greater mortality risk.